{"created":"2023-07-25T10:00:11.473304+00:00","id":534,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"8c18e4ab-20b9-4d3e-b4f1-f2c3c9db1c6f"},"_deposit":{"created_by":16,"id":"534","owners":[16],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"534"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:shudo-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000534","sets":["1:7:53"]},"author_link":["1064","3328","1065"],"item_1_biblio_info_14":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2004-02-27","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"2","bibliographicPageEnd":"268","bibliographicPageStart":"241","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"44","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"修道商学"}]}]},"item_1_creator_6":{"attribute_name":"著者名(日)","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"上領, 英之"},{"creatorName":"カミリョウ , ヒデユキ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_1_creator_7":{"attribute_name":"著者名よみ","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"カミリョウ , ヒデユキ"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_1_creator_8":{"attribute_name":"著者名(英)","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Kamiryo , Hideyuki","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_1_description_1":{"attribute_name":"ページ属性","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"P(論文)","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_description_12":{"attribute_name":"抄録(英)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"This report first intends to present the structure of growth which clarifies the difference between catching up and not catching up in Africa, compared with China and India. To do this, I use IMF national accounts data and estimating data necessary for the application of my model [2003] to this analysis. IMF national accounts data are limited in numbers and therefore I estimated other trustworthy data using a modification (based on the role of monetary policy by Friedman [1968]) of \"the Penrose curve\" in Uzawa [1969] so as to fit my endogenous growth model. My endogenous growth model can confirm the consistency among numerical values in national accounts by country and I believe that I could, for the first time, present these values (as long as several IMF national accounts data are available by country). This report, second, intends to prove the existence of conditional convergence among countries. For this, I set the same values by country for the rate of saving and the relative share of profit (0.1), the growth rate of population (0.02), and beta (0.8) (which I use as the structural reform parameter calibrated in my recursive programming). In this case all the countries show the same growth rate of (per capita) output (0.0205). In the literature (e.g., Barro' [1989]), absolute or conditional convergence holds statistically using the panel data of many countries. However, statistical fallacies were pointed out by Friedman [1992] and Quah [1993]. Based on the fallacies, Quah [1996], using the distribution dynamics, presented a twin peaks model for per capita output, where catching up or not catching up was proved. Both approaches use the panel data. Third, why does conditional convergence or two peaks exist/hold among countries? My intuition is: the existence depends on the classification of countries using the level of technology and their growth rate. The literature, however, does not show any numerical values for technology and growth rate. My model calibrates these values by country, together with the causes, using beta and delta whose parameter represents qualitative improvement in technology over time. The two policy-oriented parameters, beta and delta, are closely related to the rate of saving, the growth rate of population, the capital-labour ratio, the capital-output ratio, and the rate of profit. Catching up countries, such as Algeria and South Africa, can steadily increase the capital-labour ratio and the capital-output ratio, shifting from the second low peak group to the first high peak group, where the official rate of the Central Bank can effectively cooperate with investment effects. This is shown by the improvement of beta and delta. Not catching up or poorer countries, e.g., Ethiopia and Mali, on the other hand, cannot take advantage of the relationship among the above parameters and variables, even if the official rate is kept significantly high. The causes for this are already well known in the literature: a lack of education with an unstable political situation as investigated by the subjective and objective indicators by UN [2002]. My contributions: (1) to present the estimated values that supplement several IMF national accounts data, (2) to show the effectiveness of economic policies numerically using beta and delta, and (3) to show a modified Penrose effect that breaks the limit of growth (or supports sustainable growth) and help numerically establish the planning for catching up, using my endogenous model. PS: The paper, whose abstract is shown as above, will be presented at the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth (IARIW), Cork, Ireland, on the 26^<th> of Aug 2004. The paper was approved on the 21^<st> of Nov 2003 by e-mail. I will revise the data of this note, renewing all the data using updated IMF 2003 and also revising some of data by comparing the results of my two methods: one was used in this note and the other will be added to confirm the reliability of estimated data, in particular for capital stock.","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_publisher_19":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"広島修道大学商経学会"}]},"item_1_source_id_13":{"attribute_name":"雑誌書誌ID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00112500","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_1_text_2":{"attribute_name":"記事種別(日)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"研究ノート"}]},"item_1_text_3":{"attribute_name":"記事種別(英)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_language":"en","subitem_text_value":"Note"}]},"item_1_text_9":{"attribute_name":"著者所属(日)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"広島修道大学"}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2004-02-27"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KJ00004136517.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"4.4 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KJ00004136517","url":"https://shudo-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/534/files/KJ00004136517.pdf"},"version_id":"25db8dce-cacd-43d4-a099-b9870ef12a43"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"What Numerically Determines the Difference Between Catching Up and Endless Poverty in African Countries?","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"What Numerically Determines the Difference Between Catching Up and Endless Poverty in African Countries?"},{"subitem_title":"What Numerically Determines the Difference Between Catching Up and Endless Poverty in African Countries?","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"1","owner":"16","path":["53"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2004-02-27"},"publish_date":"2004-02-27","publish_status":"0","recid":"534","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["What Numerically Determines the Difference Between Catching Up and Endless Poverty in African Countries?"],"weko_creator_id":"16","weko_shared_id":16},"updated":"2023-07-25T10:23:41.898464+00:00"}